35 KEY RULES FOR BOUGAINVILLE BIGMEN

1. Magical rites can be used to increase or protect yourself - induce a ghost of a dead mumi to benefit yourself

2. You can have supportersor menial laborers

3. Goal is to become a Renown Person

4. A pledge is sacred.

5. For broken pledges the recourse is sorcery.

6. Hosts of a feast "defend" and quests of the feast "attach".

7. Messengers sent to challenge someone with a feast. A pig is sent as the invitation.

8. At the birth of new pigs, you cannot do anything else but care for them. You brand (notch the ear) of new pigs.

9. Pigs must be fed well.

10. If hungry pigs break into gardens, you can be sued for the pig's damage. This is a major cause of strife.

11. A pig gone wild is a total lost. Pigs must be fed well and treated as a member of the family.

12. You can use sorcery to drive a man's pigs into the forest.

13. It is possible to steal a pig but there is a large chance you will be caught unless you kill and eat it immediately. If caught, sorcery will be used to punish you.

14. If requires from 5 to 6 pounds of food per day to keep a pig; this means about 5 taro per day. Three pigs will consume a garden in 7 days. Pigs can stay in your house in their own bedroom.

15. It takes a man 1.5 days to clear a new field.

16. Planting is performed by women and it takes about 4 to 5 days.

17. There is not shortage of land. Limitations on working too many fields creates cultural bounds leading to shortage of pigs.

18. Pork is eaten at all ceremonies.

19. A leader is a social-climber.

20. Ownership of at least one pig is considered essential for adult socio-economic status.

21. To say "you have no pig" is to offer an insult.

22. A woman may say "my husband is miserly and will not buy me a pig to feed and I am ashamed of this" as an insult to her husband.

23. Large scale pig drives were held. A stockade was constructed and lots of men would form a wide circle and converge upon the stockade. Pigs driven into the stockade were then speared.

24. Pig-raising is vastly more important than pig-hunting.

25. Anyone can own and tend pigs but this does not normally occur until one is married.

26. Raising a new pig can cost a couple several weeks of time when they must provide protection for it until it is able to fend for itself. Even then the pig requires continual supervision for a longer period. By the time the animal is 8 to 10 months old the owners can count on its full domestication and need to visit the hamlet house only to feed the pigs.

27. A man become attached to a pig he has had for years. As a rule, he will purchase another pig rather from someone else rather than butcher his own "pet".

28. Pigs are usually evaluated in terms of girth; and spans and fractions thereof are the common standard of measurement. There is a standard for sales but one can bargain. Natives do not take advatange of one another's emergencies and raising prices on urgentedly needed pigs is not done. People who do this too frequently will fall into disrepute.

SCALE:
small pig - girth of approximately 30 inches = kuiukunoui is worth 10 spans.
small-moderate pig - tusinni is worth 20 spans
moderate pig - ku'kurua is worth 30 spans
moderate pig - mukonna is worth 40 spans
moderate-large pig - morokenkuho is worth 50 spans
large pig - monikon honomakuruho is worth 60 spans
large pig - ho'rorimeruho is worth 70 spans
large pig - honomiru-miruruho is worth 80 spans
porker - kumoputoruho is worth 90 spans
tusker - nori is worth 100 spans.

29. Institutionalize purchase is easy and is called taovu. Makes the purchase of pigs relatively easy.

30. An ambitious man will make a point of having taovu partners in several communities and will trade pigs as well as pots and lime. He will reinforce the relationships with frequent small gifts of food so as to be assured of friendly receptions to his offers to buy pigs.

31. An enterprising man always knows were he can buy pigs rather than having to search out and convince a prospective seller.

32. A man will farm out pigs to his followers. Small pigs are distributed until the owner has need of them. Then each follower returns the now-grown pigs and receives about 10 spans of mauai for compensation. This relationship with compensation is called anurara.

33. Feast giver must construct a pen. The builders are provided a pork banquet. Then the feast giver is able to accumulate pigs.

34. No feast is complete without a large tusker.

35. A feast giver must be enterprising and a shrewd buyer. Can exploit kin and friends. Yet everyone will respect him as a renowned person.