Review Guide

LIVING WITH VOLCANOES & MASS WASTING

 

EXAM FORMAT:  the exam format will be similar to exam 1.

 

You should familiar with the following key concepts and words:

 

PREVIOUS MATERIAL

  1. What are the five ‘spheres’ of earth, and their characteristics.
  2. The scientific process
  3. The origin of the major rock types
  4. Tectonic boundaries (for ex. Those that produce volcanoes)

 

VOLCANOES

  1. What is the relationship between magma composition (mafic, intermediate, and felsic) and viscosity?
  2. What factors determine a volcanic eruption?
  3. What are the types of volcanoes? (stratovolcano, etc.)
  4. Where are most of the active terrestrial and oceanic volcanoes on earth?
  5. How do most of these volcanoes relate to Plate Tectonics? (what type of boundary characterizes most of the terrestrial volcanoes)
  6. What chemical elements characterize magma composition, and volcanic gas composition? (two for each of those)
  7. What have we learned from past eruptions?  You’ll have to review the PP slides from part II, like Krakatoa, Nevado del Ruiz, Mt. St. Helens to answer that important question.
  8. What were some of the problems that could have prevented the deaths the Nevado Del Ruiz event?
  9. What are some of the major effects from the famous Krakatoa eruption?
  10. What was the aftermath of Mt. St. Helens, 1980 eruption?
  11. What are the hazards associated with volcanic ash, mudflows, lava flows, and gas?
  12. What are the advantages and disadvantages of living with volcanoes?  This question has many parts, mostly from the reading.

 

MASS WASTING

  1. How is subsidence related to other geologic hazards?
  2. What type of mass wasting is the Marcus Landslide? What factor or factors may have caused its failure?
  3. Can you identify the major parts of the Marcus Landslide from a shaded-relief image?
  4. The requirements for mass wasting (gravity and loose material or sediment), factors that have affects (water saturation, vegetation, shaking/vibration, permafrost, slope, and time), and the occurrence (land, ocean floor, groundwater), types (fall, creep/slide, flow).
  5. The effects of human development on permafrost, including localized and global heat as related to subsidence.
  6. The major type of mass wasting in the Grand Canyon and also the principle cause/origin of rapids along the Colorado River.
  7. Types of mass wasting in the Phoenix area:  subsidence and earth fissuring, rock avalanches, etc. 
  8. Angle of Repose
  9. Factor of safety (>1 = stable, <1 = unstable)
  10. What are some reductions of risks for mass wasting in Arizona that we can do?
  11. There can be one essay question related to living with a mass wasting hazard.

 

Resources: 

  1. PowerPoint lectures
  2. Class notes
  3. Book